Pakadali pano, kupatulapo zinthu zochepa zotsika mtengo komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe ili pamsika, mitundu yambiri ili ndi kapangidwe kake kapadera kolongedza, komwe sikuti kokha kumathandiza kukweza mitengo yazinthu, komanso kusiyanitsa ndi zinthu zina zomwe zikupikisana ndikupanga zabwino zambiri.
1 Mphamvu ya zinthu zopangira vinyo pa vinyo
1.1 Mitundu ikuluikulu ya zipangizo zopakira vinyo
Mapaketi a mowa makamaka amaphatikizapo ma phukusi akunja ndi ma phukusi amkati. Mitundu ya zinthu zomangira zakunja ndi mapepala, pulasitiki, chitsulo ndi matabwa; mitundu ya zinthu zomangira zamkati ndi pulasitiki, galasi, matabwa ndi ziwiya zadothi; kuphatikiza apo, mapaketi a vinyo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zakale nawonso ndi njira yatsopano, ndipo ziwiya zadothi, zinthu za jade ndi zinthu zamakristalo zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Zimayikidwanso pa mapaketi a vinyo.
1.2 Mphamvu ya zinthu zopangira vinyo pa vinyo
Ngakhale kuti zinthu zomwe vinyo amaikamo sizikhudzana mwachindunji ndi vinyo, mphamvu yake pa vinyo siinganyalanyazidwe.
1.2.1 Mu phukusi lakunja, pepala ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chosungiramo zinthu, ndipo zoopsa zake zobisika sizinganyalanyazidwe. Chifukwa chachikulu ndichakuti mankhwala monga zinthu zoletsa kutuluka kwa madzi, zinthu zoyezera kukula, ndi zinthu zodzaza ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa ku zamkati panthawi yopanga mapepala.
(amapangitsa pepala kukhala losawoneka bwino), bleach, utoto, ndi zina zotero. Choletsa kutuluka kwa madzi makamaka ndi sopo wa rosin; chodzaza ndi kaolin, calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, zinc sulfide, barium sulfate ndi magnesium silicate; choletsa kuyera ndi calcium hypochlorite, hypochlorous acid, sodium peroxide ndi hydrogen peroxide, ndi zina zotero; choletsa kuyera Gwiritsani ntchito utoto wosungunuka m'madzi ndi utoto. Zinthu zambiri zomwe zimasungunuka mu pepala zimachokera ku zinthu monga zowonjezera zamkati. Pakati pa utoto, zitsulo zopangidwa ndi cadmium zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zofiira, ndipo zitsulo zopangidwa ndi lead zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu chikasu, zomwe zimathanso kusungunuka mu kuchuluka kochepa (mg/L level) ndikuyambitsa matenda. Zitsulo zolemera sizingawonongeke, m'malo mwake, zimatha kuchulukitsidwa kangapo pansi pa bio-magnification ya unyolo wa chakudya, ndipo pamapeto pake zimalowa m'thupi la munthu. Zitsulo zolemera zimatha kuyanjana kwambiri ndi mapuloteni ndi ma enzyme m'thupi la munthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisamagwire ntchito, ndipo zimatha kudziunjikiranso m'ziwalo zina za thupi la munthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale poizoni nthawi yayitali. Zopaka utoto za mapepala zimakhala ndi utoto woopsa wa fluorescent, pepala la sera limakhala ndi ma monomers otsala, ndipo ma sera ena amakhala ndi zinthu zoyambitsa khansa. Kuphatikiza apo, formaldehyde yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mankhwala ophera bowa kapena kukonza utomoni imathanso kusungunuka kuchokera ku zinthu zopangidwa ndi mapepala.
1.2 Mphamvu ya zinthu zopangira vinyo pa vinyo
Ngakhale kuti zinthu zomwe vinyo amaikamo sizikhudzana mwachindunji ndi vinyo, mphamvu yake pa vinyo siinganyalanyazidwe.
1.2.1 Mu phukusi lakunja, pepala ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chosungiramo zinthu, ndipo zoopsa zake zobisika sizinganyalanyazidwe. Chifukwa chachikulu ndichakuti mankhwala monga zinthu zoletsa kutuluka kwa madzi, zinthu zoyezera kukula, ndi zinthu zodzaza ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa ku zamkati panthawi yopanga mapepala.
(amapangitsa pepala kukhala losawoneka bwino), bleach, utoto, ndi zina zotero. Choletsa kutuluka kwa madzi makamaka ndi sopo wa rosin; chodzaza ndi kaolin, calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, zinc sulfide, barium sulfate ndi magnesium silicate; choletsa kuyera ndi calcium hypochlorite, hypochlorous acid, sodium peroxide ndi hydrogen peroxide, ndi zina zotero; choletsa kuyera Gwiritsani ntchito utoto wosungunuka m'madzi ndi utoto. Zinthu zambiri zomwe zimasungunuka mu pepala zimachokera ku zinthu monga zowonjezera zamkati. Pakati pa utoto, zitsulo zopangidwa ndi cadmium zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zofiira, ndipo zitsulo zopangidwa ndi lead zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu chikasu, zomwe zimathanso kusungunuka mu kuchuluka kochepa (mg/L level) ndikuyambitsa matenda. Zitsulo zolemera sizingawonongeke, m'malo mwake, zimatha kuchulukitsidwa kangapo pansi pa bio-magnification ya unyolo wa chakudya, ndipo pamapeto pake zimalowa m'thupi la munthu. Zitsulo zolemera zimatha kuyanjana kwambiri ndi mapuloteni ndi ma enzyme m'thupi la munthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisamagwire ntchito, ndipo zimatha kudziunjikiranso m'ziwalo zina za thupi la munthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale poizoni nthawi yayitali. Zopaka utoto za mapepala zimakhala ndi utoto woopsa wa fluorescent, pepala la sera limakhala ndi ma monomers otsala, ndipo ma sera ena amakhala ndi zinthu zoyambitsa khansa. Kuphatikiza apo, formaldehyde yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mankhwala ophera bowa kapena kukonza utomoni imathanso kusungunuka kuchokera ku zinthu zopangidwa ndi mapepala.
2 Mapeto
Pakadali pano, mayiko ambiri padziko lonse lapansi akuphunzira za kugwiritsa ntchito ma CD obiriwira komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosungiramo zinthu zopanda poizoni komanso zopanda vuto. Mu malonda apadziko lonse lapansi azakudya, mayiko apanga malamulo ndi miyezo yoyenera kuti ateteze thanzi la ogula ndikuwonetsetsa kuti akutenga nawo mbali pachitetezo cha chakudya. Anthu amadalira chakudya kuti apeze mphamvu, ndipo chitetezo cha chakudya chikugwirizana kwambiri ndi ogula onse, ndipo chitetezo cha chakudya chakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kusintha kosalekeza kwa miyezo ya moyo wa anthu komanso kupita patsogolo mwachangu kwa sayansi ndi ukadaulo, kuyang'ana kwa anthu pa chitetezo cha chakudya sikungokhala kokha pa vuto la chakudya chokha, komanso mavuto achitetezo cha chakudya omwe angayambitsidwe ndi zinthu ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhudzana ndi chakudya akhala otchuka kwambiri. Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe ziyenera kusamalidwa. Nthawi zodziwika bwino, monga zokutira zapadera, zosungunulira zopangidwa ndi benzene m'matumba osungira chakudya, ndi nkhani zina zachitetezo zadzetsa nkhawa ndi nkhawa kuchokera m'mitundu yonse ya moyo.
Pakati pa zipangizo zopakira vinyo, mabotolo a vinyo agalasi amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zidebe, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kwakhala kokhwima. Mabotolo a vinyo a ceramic amawonongeka chifukwa cha zinthu monga kufooka ndi kuyamwa kwa madzi. Bone china ili ndi madzi ochepa komanso kufooka pang'ono, ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popakira vinyo. Zinthu zapulasitiki zomwe zatchulidwazi zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popakira vinyo, koma zonse zili ndi zabwino ndi zovuta zake, ndipo zinthu zopangidwa ndi pulasitiki ziwiri kapena zingapo zimatha kubweza zofooka pakugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zosiyanasiyana za polymer. Monga bungwe lofufuza zasayansi, liyenera kulimbikitsa kafukufuku ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zatsopano zopakira vinyo, kupeza zipangizo zoyenera zopakira, kupereka mayina abwino aukadaulo pakukula kwa makampani opanga vinyo, ndikulola chikhalidwe cha vinyo chomwe chakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali kufalikira ku China.
Nthawi yotumizira: Okutobala-14-2022